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We present a compact W-band power amplifier (PA) for automotive radar application in 65-nm CMOS technology. The circuit adopts a pseudo-differential push-pull configuration based on transformers (TFs) which offer highly efficient and flexible matching networks with minimized area occupancy. We have set the optimal output resistance close to 50 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, design guidelines in sizing active devices for each stage, and the corresponding transformers were presented for optimal power efficiency based on an analysis of surrounding matching networks. Working under a supply voltage of 1.3-V, the implemented 77GHz PA achieved a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 9-GHz (72.5&#x2013;81.5 GHz), a peak gain of 22.4 dB, a saturated power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{sat}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 16.4 dBm, and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 20.3&#x0025;. The area for the core layout is only 0.05 mm<sup>2</sup>, which demonstrates the highest power density among the recently reported W-band CMOS PAs.

A 16.4-dBm 20.3% PAE 22-dB Gain 77 GHz Power Amplifier in 65-nm CMOS Technology