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This paper presents a high-gain leaky-wave antenna based on a resonant cavity (RC) structure with the capability of unidirectional beam scanning over predefined frequencies and desired beam angles. Frequency scanning is achieved by implementing a properly-designed single-layer partially reflective surface (PRS) based on a simple ray tracing-based design procedure. In the proposed structure, two techniques are combined to make the beam scanning unidirectional. First, a metallic wall is placed at a proper distance from the radiator to suppress the antenna propagation at undesired directions. Second, a feed antenna with a tilted beam is designed as the main radiating element inside the cavity to radiate over desired beam angles. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured demonstrating a beam scanning from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$46^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over the frequency band from 25 to 31 GHz. Moreover, a maximum gain of 15.4 dBi is achieved at 26 GHz on the elevation plane with tilted angle of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$22^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed leaky-wave antenna is suitable for various wireless applications, in particular the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5^{th}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> generation of cellular networks and small cell base station antenna (BSA) applications.

A High-Gain Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Resonant Cavity Structure With Unidirectional Frequency Scanning Capability for 5G Applications