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Vehicular traffic plays a significant role in terms of economic development; however, it is also a major source of noise pollution. Therefore, it is highly imperative to model traffic noise, especially for expressways due to their high traffic volume and speed, which produce very-high level of traffic noise. Previous traffic prediction models are mostly based on the regression approach and the artificial neural network (ANN), which often fail to describe the trends of noise. In this paper, a deep neural network-based optimization approach is implemented in two ways: i) using different algorithms for training and activation, and ii) integrating with feature selection methods such as correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and wrapper for feature-subset selection (WFS) methods. These methods are integrated to produce traffic noise maps for different time of the day on weekdays, including morning, afternoon, evening, and night. The novelty of this study is the integration of the feature selection method with the deep neural network for vehicular traffic noise modelling. New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) in Malaysia was used as a case study due to its increasing heavy and light vehicles, and the motorbike during peak hours, which result in high traffic noise. The results from the models indicate that the WFS-DNN model has the least mean-absolute-deviation (MAD) of 2.28, and the least root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 3.97. Also, this model shows the best result compared to the other models such as DNN without integration with feature selection methods, CFS-DNN and the ANN networks (MLP and RBF). MAD improvement of 27% - 47% and RMSE improvement of 25% - 38% was achieved compared to other methods. The study provides a generic approach to key parameter selection and dimension reduction with novel trend descriptor which could be useful for future such modelling applications.

An Optimized Deep Neural Network Approach for Vehicular Traffic Noise Trend Modeling