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The IEEE 802.15.4-2015 TSCH (Time Slotted Channel Hopping) standard provides high-reliability, deterministic delay, and energy efficiency with the channel hopping and the TDMA. The standard does not specify the scheduling method, which is an essential part of the solution. One of the representative studies in TSCH scheduling is Orchestra. It is an autonomous scheduling method with minimal overhead that does not require a negotiation process between nodes. However, with high traffic load, performance of the Orchestra is greatly degraded because of its fixed schedule. If a node has children, continuous collisions occur in the slot of the node. We propose a novel algorithm called SRCA (Slot Reallocation for Collision Avoidance), as a solution for this problem. The SRCA autonomously updates the schedule. When a child requests a slot reallocation, the parent allocates a new slot with a low probability of collision. Another algorithm called SJCA (Slot reJection for Collision Avoidance) is further proposed in this work. It improves the SRCA to operate in an environment with interference where a sending node can disturb a transmission from a hidden node. In the SJCA, a node determines whether a collision due to interference will occur in the slot newly allocated by the parent. If so, it rejects the slot and requests again. We compare the performance of the SRCA and the SJCA against the Orchestra and e-TSCH-Orch through simulations. It is confirmed that the SJCA is robust to interference. In most cases, the SJCA shows better performance of PAR (Packet Acknowledgement Ratio), PLR (Packet Loss Rate), and latency than others. It is also verified that the SJCA provides high-reliability and low latency compared to existing technologies.

Slot Reallocation and Rejection for Collision Avoidance in Autonomous TSCH Networks