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With the development of new energy power systems, the estimation of the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models has become increasingly important. Weather changes are random; therefore,the changes in the PV output power are periodic and nonlinear. Traditional power prediction methods are based on linearity, and relying only on a time series is not feasible. Consequently, metaheuristic algorithms have received considerable attention to extract the parameters of solar cell models and achieve excellent performance. In this study, the Turbulent Flow of Water-based Optimization (TFWO) is used to estimate the parameters of three traditional solar cell models, namely, Single-Diode Solar Cell Model (SDSCM), Double-Diode Solar Cell Model (DDSCM), and Three-Diode Solar Cell Model (TDSCM), in addition to three modified solar cell models, namely, modified SDSCM (MSDSCM), modified DDSCM (MDDSCM),and modified TDSCM (MTDSCM). Moreover, a polynomial equation of five degrees for the sum of squared errors (PE5DSSE) between the measured and calculated currents was used as a new objective function for extracting the parameters of the solar cell models. The proposed objective function delivered improved prediction accuracy than common objective functions. Experimental results revealed the effectiveness of TFWO compared with six counterparts, namely, ``Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA), Grey wolf optimizer(GWO), modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO), Cuckoo Search algorithm (CSA), Moth flameoptimizer (MFO) and Teaching Learning based optimization algorithm (TLBO),) for all the traditional and modified solar cell models based on the optimal parameters extracted using best PE5DSSE values.

Turbulent Flow of Water-Based Optimization Using New Objective Function for Parameter Extraction of Six Photovoltaic Models