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In this article, the temperature of the needle tip and the ground electrode were changed to obtain different temperature gradients. The harmonic superimposed DC voltage was also simultaneously applied to study the electrical tree initiation, growth and breakdown characteristics in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) under the temperature gradient. The tree inception voltage, tree structure, tree length, accumulated damage (AD) and breakdown time were used to analyze the electrical tree degradation process. It was found that the greater the temperature gradient, the easier it is for electrical trees to be initialed which is related to the different charge behaviors affected by the trap distribution indicated by surface potential decay (SPD) results at different temperatures. With the temperature gradient increasing, the electrical tree length increases firstly but then decreases slightly when the temperature of the ground electrode is fixed, but the electrical tree length and AD increase linearly with the temperature gradient increasing when the temperature of the needle tip is fixed. The temperature rise of the ground electrode has a more serious impact on the safety of the insulation compared with the temperature rise of the needle tip. Positive DC bias voltage is more likely to cause damage and breakdown than negative DC bias voltage under the temperature gradient. These results indicate that the temperature gradient and harmonic superimposed DC voltage will promote the electrical growth in cable insulation, so special attention should be paid to the safety of electrical equipment under such special conditions.

Effects of Temperature Gradient on Electrical Tree Initiation and Breakdown Phenomenon in XLPE Under Harmonic Superimposed DC Voltage