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The Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Physical Layer (PHY) is designed to successfully address diverse user and service requirements by providing a highly flexible framework. This flexibility is viable through a scalable numerology. Since 5G NR targets to multiplex various applications with different quality of service requirements within the same band, 3rd Generation Partnership Project has introduced a mixed (multi) numerology approach and a mini-slot approach to enhance the adaptability of the PHY. In this contribution, we compare these two approaches focusing on the achievement of low-latency communications. We propose optimization problems that enable to maximize the achievable rate of best effort users, while maintaining latency requirements of low-latency users. Exploiting achievable rate performance as one of the fundamental metrics, we show a comparison of mixed numerology and mini-slot approach in different circumstances. In addition to Cyclic Prefix (CP)-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), we employ Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) as a potential beyond 5G technology and show that it achieves an improvement over CP-OFDM. The optimization problems for both mixed numerology and the mini-slot approach are initially given by an integer programming solution. In order to reduce computational complexity for large-scale scenarios, we apply the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition method, showing that it is possible to achieve the optimal solution with significantly reduced complexity by exploiting the structure of the proposed optimization formulation.

Multiplexing Services in 5G and Beyond: Optimal Resource Allocation Based on Mixed Numerology and Mini-Slots