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Wind speed and streamflow series always are nonlinear and unstable because the effects of chaotic weather systems. These inherent features make them difficult to forecast, especially in a changing environment. To improve forecasting accuracy, an innovation uncertainty forecasting architecture is developed by coupling data decomposition method, feature selection, multiple artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and composite strategy to do unstable time series forecasting. In the designed architecture, the AVMD (adaptive variational mode decomposition) is first applied to excavate implicit information from the original time series. Then, the random forest is utilized to select the suitable inputs for each mode. After that, the GPR (Gaussian Process Regression), a very famous probabilistic AI technique, is driven by various neural networks (ELM (Extreme Learning Machine), BP (Back Propagation Neural Networks), GRNN(Generalized Regression Neural Networks) and RBF (Radial Basis Function Neural Networks)) to produce both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting results in a nonlinear manner to play strengths of each other. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach is verified by unstable wind speed data and streamflow data, and also compared with eleven related models. Results indicate that the proposed model not only improves the forecasting accuracy for deterministic predictions, but also provides more probabilistic information for decision making. The proposed method achieves significantly better performance than the traditional forecasting models both on wind speed forecasting and streamflow forecasting with at least 50&#x0025; average performance promotion over all the eleven competitors. Comprehensive comparisons demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method than the involved models as a powerful tool for unstable series forecasting.

A Composite Uncertainty Forecasting Model for Unstable Time Series: Application of Wind Speed and Streamflow Forecasting