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Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an emerging IoT cellular-based wireless technology that builds based on the existing LTE standard to extend its network coverage suited for Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) connectivity. In the NB-IoT system, LTE turbo codes and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) codes are adopted as the main channel coding technique for Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel (NPUSCH). However, turbo codes require iterative decoding algorithm at the expense of high computation complexity of decoding hence is crucial to achieving the LPWAN requirement of NB-IoT systems. Polar codes are best suited in this regard due to its capacity approaching and complexity reduction in short block length code. In this paper, we proposed an efficient polar coding technique using the Belief Propagation (BP) decoding algorithm for uplink data transmission on the NPUSCH channel. Furthermore, the BP algorithm is incorporated with the CRC stoppage criterion to decrease the number of decoding iteration and reduce computational complexity. In this scheme, single-tone numerology of NPUSCH using 3.75 kHz and 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is adopted. Then, the encoded data is generated with different NPUSCH resources. The theoretical formulation and simulation demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides better error rate performance over the adopted LTE turbo codes and other polar decoding algorithms while reducing the computational complexity.

An Efficient Polar Coding Scheme for Uplink Data Transmission in Narrowband Internet of Things Systems