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Indoor photovoltaic (PV) application gains in attraction for low-power electronic systems, which requires accurate methods for performance predictions in indoor environments. Despite this, the knowledge on the performance of commonly used photovoltaic device models and their parameter estimation techniques in these scenarios is very limited. Accurate models are an essential tool for conducting feasibility analyses and component dimensioning for indoor photovoltaic systems. In this paper, we therefore conduct a comparison of the one- and two-diode models with parameters estimated based on two well-known methods. We evaluate the models' performance on datasets of photovoltaic panels intended for indoor use, and illumination conditions to be expected in indoor environments lit by artificial light sources. The results demonstrate that the one-diode model outperforms the two-diode model with respect to the estimation of the overall I-V characteristics. The two-diode model results instead in lower maximum power point errors. Both models show a sensitivity to initial conditions, such as the selection of the diode ideality factor, as well as the curve form of the photovoltaic panel to be modeled, which has not been acknowledged in previous research.

A Comparison of One- and Two-Diode Model Parameters at Indoor Illumination Levels