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Due to the advantage of high data rate, low transmission delay and high reliability, the application of Long Term Evolution for Vehicle (LTE-V) has got more attention on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). However, the fixed Road Side Units (RSUs), like Base Stations (BSs), in LTE-V have a small coverage, which need consume a large amount of energy to achieve long-distance communication. This could limit the LTE-V application in some practical situations. In this paper, we introduce Energy Harvest Road Side Units (EH-RSUs) in some low frequency service area instead of fixed-point RSUs (BSs) to reduce the cost of deployment and maintenance. Different from fixed-point RSUs with the wired electricity sources, EH-RSUs are powered by themselves and the service time is affected by battery capacity, charging speed, service radius and communication load, which need to be considered comprehensively. To solve these problems, we construct an EH-RSUs deployment model framework based on communication load conditions. Then, on the basis of this framework, we propose an optimization problem to minimize the deployment and operation cost of EH-RSUs and fixed-point RSUs, where the service radius of the EH-RSUs are taken as an optimization variable. Finally, a pre-deployment algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Simulations evaluate the validity of our proposed method. The results show that the energy consumption with the proposed method could be reduced to 60&#x0025; compared with only fixed-point RSUs deployed.

An Analytical Model for Energy Harvest Road Side Units Deployment With Dynamic Service Radius in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks