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This paper presents an analysis of the appropriate size and installation position of a battery energy storage system (BESS) for reducing reverse power flow (RPF). The system focused on photovoltaic (PV) system power plants. The RPF from the distribution system into the transmission systems impacts the power system due to the increased penetration of the PV system, which produces more power than load. The analysis was divided into three parts: 1) Analysis of the initial load and capacity of the PV power plant; 2) Analysis of the initial load and the load when the capacity of the PV power plant is increased; 3) Analysis of the increased load and capacity of the PV power plant. The stability of the system for each position of the BESS guided the analysis of the reduction of the RPF according to two criteria: reducing the RPF directly and smoothing the distribution load curve. The analysis of the appropriate installation position of the BESS was compared at three positions: 1) at a 115-kV bus; 2) at a 22-kV bus; 3) at a PV power plant. The results of this research showed that the BESS can reduce the RPF and increase the smoothing of the distribution load curve. It can also reduce energy loss and maximum power consumption. However, the appropriate installation position of the BESS was in the PV power plant, because this reduced the energy loss, power fluctuations and electricity production more than installing the BESS at a 115-kV bus or a 22-kV bus.

Reduction of Reverse Power Flow Using the Appropriate Size and Installation Position of a BESS for a PV Power Plant