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Cognitive radio is considered an effective solution to spectrum shortages, which has been a significant issue in the next generation of wireless communications. In this paper, we focus on spectrum sensing under a low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and noise fluctuation and propose a symmetric peaks-based spectrum sensing algorithm for modulated signals. First, we analyze the characteristics of the cyclic autocorrelation function of modulated signals, and construct a detection domain for detecting primary users based on the characteristics of the cyclic autocorrelation function of primary signals. Then, we introduce the significance level factor into the spectrum sensing, and develop a symmetric peaks criterion. Following this criterion, we propose a symmetric peaks-based spectrum sensing algorithm. Finally, we give the probabilities of detection and false alarm of the spectrum sensing algorithm, discuss the effect of the significance level factor on the spectrum sensing performance, and compare the complexity of the algorithm with that of other algorithms. The spectrum sensing algorithm proposed does not require any prior knowledge of primary user signals or noise in the systems, and can sense modulated signals under very low SNR. Simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the algorithm proposed under a low SNR and noise fluctuation. Compared with the maximum and minimum eigenvalue (MME) algorithm, frequency domain autocorrelation-based (FD-AC) algorithm and statistical knowledge autocorrelation-based (SKAB) algorithm, it improves about 4 dB margin in SNR.

Symmetric Peaks-Based Spectrum Sensing Algorithm for Detecting Modulated Signals