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This work addresses the intercalibration of the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) on the Chinese second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun 3C (FY-3C) against the Microwave Imager (GMI) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory, in which a modified Double Difference (DD) method is developed and the Brightness Temperatures (TBs) in FY-3C MWRI and GMI channels are simulated using the ocean microwave Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) fed with the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) data. With the modified DD method, the intercalibration of FY-3C MWRI in 2017 are obtained. The results show that the MWRI observations are underestimated, especially for the low frequency channels. The calibration biases (mean of DDs) in FY-3C MWRI channels are temperature dependent, and decrease with the frequency increment. The in-orbit calibration of the MWRI descending (MWRID) data is 1~2 K worse than that of the MWRI ascending (MWRIA) data. At the TBs of standard scene defined by the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS), the calibration errors (mean of DDs &#x00B1; standard deviation at the mean) of MWRIA data in January 2017 are -6.7&#x00B1;0.4 K, -8.3&#x00B1;0.8 K, -3.0&#x00B1;0.7 K, -1.9&#x00B1;1.0 K, -2.5&#x00B1;1.1 K, -3.9&#x00B1;0.8 K, -2.1&#x00B1;1.5 K, -1.5&#x00B1;1.0 K and -0.4&#x00B1;2.3 K in the 10V/H, 18V/H, 23V, 36V/H and 89V/H channels, respectively, while the calibration errors of MWRID data in January 2017 are -7.6&#x00B1;0.8 K, -9.1&#x00B1;1.2 K, -4.4&#x00B1;0.8 K, -2.9&#x00B1;1.3 K, -3.6&#x00B1;1.2 K, -5.1&#x00B1;0.8 K, -2.6&#x00B1;1.4 K, -2.5&#x00B1;1.1 K and -1.2&#x00B1;2.5 K in the nine channels, respectively. Although calibration biases exist, the in-orbit calibration of FY-3C MWRI is generally stable in 2017. The results of the modified DD method are consistent with that of the DD method. The modified DD method is promising to be applied to the intercalibration with both target and reference radiometers on polar-orbiting satellites.

Intercalibration of FY-3C MWRI Against GMI Using the Ocean Microwave Radiative Transfer Model