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In this article, we investigate the impact of hardware impairments (HIs) on the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based integrated satellite-terrestrial relay networks (ISTRNs). Particularly, we obtain the novel closed-form expression for the outage probability (OP) of the considered NOMA-based ISTRNs with HIs. Furthermore, to get further insights of the effect of HIs on the considered system in high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) scenario, the asymptotic expression for the OP is also obtained, which provides an efficient way to evaluate the system performance, and effective quantification of different parameters on the system performance. Furthermore, we study the energy efficiency (EE) of the considered system and obtain interesting findings when NOMA scheme is applied. At last, numerical Monte Carlo (MC) results are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical results.

Outage Analysis of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access-Based Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks With Hardware Impairments