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In this paper, we propose a general three-dimensional (3D) non-stationary wideband two-cluster channel model for fifth-generation (5G) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) tunnel communication environments. In the proposed model, the received signal is constructed as a sum of the components with line-of-sight (LoS) propagations and the components via the two-cluster model, i.e., non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagations; therefore, the model has the ability to sufficiently describe a variety of 5G wireless communication scenarios. In order to investigate the non-stationary properties of clusters, we introduce a birth-death algorithm to model the appearance and disappearance of clusters on both the array and time axes. The impacts of the non-stationary properties of clusters on the multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channels are investigated via statistical properties, including spatial cross-correlation functions (CCFs), temporal spatial auto-correlation functions (ACFs), and Doppler power spectrum densities (PSDs). Numerical results of the proposed propagation properties fit the simulation results and prior measured results very well, which demonstrate that the proposed 3D model is able to describe the real 5G V2V communications in tunnel environments.

A General 3D Non-Stationary Wideband Twin-Cluster Channel Model for 5G V2V Tunnel Communication Environments