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Patch antennas incorporating a U-shaped slot are well-known to haverelatively large (about 30%) impedance bandwidths. This work usesCharacteristic Mode Analysis to explain the impedance behavior of a classicU-slot patch geometry in terms of Coupled Mode Theory and shows the relevantmodes are in-phase and anti-phase coupled modes whose resonant frequencies aregoverned by Coupled Mode Theory. Additional analysis shows that one uncoupledresonator is the conventional TM01 patch mode and the other is a lumped LCresonator involving the slot and the probe. An equivalent circuit model for theantenna is given wherein element values are extracted from Characteristic ModeAnalysis data and which explicitly demonstrates coupling between these tworesonators. The circuit model approximately reproduces the impedance locus ofthe driven simulation. A design methodology based on Coupled Mode Theory andguided by Characteristic Mode Analysis is presented that allows wideband U-slotpatch geometries to be designed quickly and efficiently. The methodology isillustrated through example.

U-Slot Patch Principle and Design Methodology Using Characteristic Mode Analysis and Coupled Mode Theory