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Massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) is known as a large-scale antenna technology and has been enabled for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems. The over-the-air (OTA) testing of massive MIMO antenna system has attracted a lot of attention in terms of evaluating the radio performance of a 5G base station (BS). As a promising OTA test methodology, the sectored multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) setup is employed for the performance testing of massive MIMO BS. However, the system cost and installation are still an issue to be considered in practice (e.g., the anechoic chamber and multiple probes), though it can accurately reconstruct the flexible propagation channels by channel emulation methods. This paper proposes a virtual OTA test framework for the performance testing of massive MIMO BS on the basis of MPAC setups. As an alternative, the proposed virtual OTA test system adopting the concept of virtual probes solves the inconveniences and limitations of the actual probe installation in MPAC setups. The BS array responses to the actual probes of MPAC setups are generated in a phase matrix for the virtual probes. First, in this paper, the system description of virtual OTA testing is given. Then, the emulation method of spatial clusters is presented for the virtual OTA testing. Finally, simulations are performed with good channel emulation accuracy.

A Virtual Over-the-Air Method for 5G Massive MIMO Base Station Testing With Flexible Virtual Probes