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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) comprise a large number of mobile wireless nodes that can move in a random fashion with the capability to join or leave the network anytime. Due to the rapid growth of devices on the Internet of Things (IoT), a large number of messages are transmitted during information exchange in dense areas. It can cause congestion that results in increasing transmission delay and packet loss. This problem is more severe in larger networks with more network traffic and high mobility that enforces dynamic topology. To resolve these issues, we present a bandwidth aware routing scheme (BARS) that can avoid congestion by monitoring residual bandwidth capacity in network paths and available space in queues to cache the information. The amount of available and consumed bandwidth along with residual cache must be worked out before transmitting messages. The BARS utilizes the feedback mechanism to intimate the traffic source for adjusting the data rate according to the availability of bandwidth and queue in the routing path. We have performed extensive simulations using NS 2.35 on Ubuntu where TCL is used for node configuration, deployment, mobility and message initiation, and C language is used for modifying the functionality of AODV. The results are extracted from trace files using Perl scripts to prove the dominance of the BARS over preliminaries in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput and end-to-end delay, and the probability of congested node for static and dynamic topologies.

Congestion Avoidance for Smart Devices by Caching Information in MANETS and IoT