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Simultaneous acquisition of channel state information (CSI) of many devices with high accuracy is crucial to provide the Internet-of-Things (IoT) connectivity in cellular networks. A traditional channel estimator in cellular networks adopts the orthogonal pilot structure, which cannot provide high scalability for many IoT devices without a significant increase of pilot overhead. To overcome such a limitation, we propose a novel channel estimator based on non-orthogonal pilot signals for frequency-division duplex (FDD) based uplink cellular IoT networks. The proposed scheme provides an interference-canceled environment during the channel estimation procedure by reconstructing the non-orthogonal pilot signals and removing their effects. Consequently, the proposed scheme can increase the number of available pilot signals without any increase of pilot overhead, which makes the BS spectral-efficiently accommodate more IoT devices with full exploitation of antenna technique. The numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme on supporting more IoT devices at the expense of a slight loss of the channel estimation accuracy, compared to the conventional discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimator, from the viewpoint of a mean squared error, a bit error rate, and a network throughput.

A Channel Estimator via Non-Orthogonal Pilot Signals for Uplink Cellular IoT