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An 8-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array operating in the long-term evolution (LTE) band 42 (3400–3600 MHz) based on the characteristic mode theory (CMT) is described. As designing a multi-antenna system with multiple significant modes is difficult for the CMT, a new method is, therefore, proposed to effectively provide useful physical insights and improve the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). Although many of the same modes are excited by two antennas, the proposed method is still effective to improve the ECC of the two antennas. A detailed and reasonable framework adopting the CMT to analyze geometries with multi-significant modes is presented. The consideration of the mode number can be avoided by using this method. For an arbitrary structure, it is verified that the modal weighting coefficient (MWC) phases of the same modes excited by two ports are in phase or out of phase. Therefore, for the design of a multi-port MIMO array, the same modes excited by different ports can be divided into two types: equiphase modes and antiphase modes in the proposed method, and the tradeoff of the equiphase modes and the antiphase modes is first proposed and analyzed as an efficient way to improve the ECC. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be applied to asymmetric structures. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method in the design of MIMO antennas with desirable ECC, an 8-port MIMO array for 5G mobile applications is implemented and measured.

Eight-Port MIMO Array Using Characteristic Mode Theory for 5G Smartphone Applications