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In this paper, we study the physical layer security performance under <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-tier heterogeneous cellular network during both downlink and uplink phases. Especially, Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading is used to capture the characteristics of line-of-sight (LoS) propagation. Using stochastic geometry tool, tractable expressions of connection probability are derived accordingly. Upper-bound expression of secrecy probability is derived through only considering the closest eavesdropper, whose rationality is validated theoretically. While lower-bound expression of secrecy probability is derived through using Jensen’s inequality. Moreover, we demonstrate the effects of parameter setting upon network connection and secrecy performances through numerical simulation. For example, Rayleigh fading and LoS scenario (an extreme Rician case) can be regarded as special cases of this paper through properly setting <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value. Connection probability is insensitive to BS density during downlink phases, while it is an increasing function of BS density during the uplink phase. We also find that connection probability is an increasing function of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value. Secrecy probability is insensitive to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value, while it is an increasing function of BS density during both downlink and uplink phases.

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Physical Layer Security in &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$K$ &lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt;-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Over Nakagami-&lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$m$ &lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt; Channel During Uplink and Downlink Phases