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This paper focuses on designing a medium access control and channel usage algorithm in multi-rate wireless local area networks for improving the efficiency and fairly sharing channel resources among the contending nodes. Aiming for the problems that the high collision is often caused by binary exponential backoff mechanism in the legacy IEEE 802.11 and the shared channel can be overused by low bitrate nodes, we propose a differentiated reservation (DR) algorithm to reduce the collision among the contending nodes by setting their backoff counter as a deterministic value once accessing successfully to the channel. Furthermore, to eliminate the performance anomaly, some nodes are permitted to send multiple packets in one transmission opportunity according to their feature. Moreover, we present the implementation of the DR algorithm that is readily applied to both the existing 802.11 DCF and 802.11e EDCA networks with minimum modification. In addition, we also investigate the limitation of the DR algorithm and propose a group-based differentiated reservation (GDR) algorithm applied to high dense scenarios. The results of the theoretical analysis and simulation validate that our proposed algorithms (DR and GDR) can obtain high throughput, good airtime fairness, and low collision rate.

A Differentiated Reservation MAC Protocol for Achieving Fairness and Efficiency in Multi-Rate IEEE 802.11 WLANs