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Localization plays a more and more important role in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). But in the large-scale UWSNs, the localization algorithm can&#x2019;t be realized for the continuous packet collision. Therefore, we need to consider the impact of MAC protocol on the positioning algorithm. First, this paper proposes a multi-layer positioning model based on the underwater network architecture. Then according to the non-synchronous localization scheme, we analyze the reason of packet collisions and propose the variable interval ALOHA (VI-ALOHA) protocol based on the Poisson distribution. The VI-ALOHA protocol reduces the collision by adding random space&#x2013;time. Through the comparison of localization coverage, packet loss, and localization time, this paper evaluates the impact on the localization result in equal interval ALOHA (EI-ALOHA) and VI-ALOHA. Our simulation results show that the MAC protocol has a significant influence on localization; besides, the localization coverage and the packet loss of VI-ALOHA protocol are above 20&#x0025; better than the EI-ALOHA.

The Influence of MAC Protocol on a Non-Synchronous Localization Scheme in Large-Scale UWSNs