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compound semiconducters such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2 as absorbers. Since the availability of indium is an object of concern regarding solar cell large scale production, its replacement with Zn and Sn is beneficial in this sense. The alternative compound kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) has promising characteristic optical properties. The structure of kesterite consists of a ccp array of sulfur atoms, with metal atoms occupying one half of the tetrahedral voids. In literature an ordered distribution of Cu, Zn and Sn is described. A disordered distribution may cause site defects and hence influences the electronic properties of the material. Thus the degree of cation order plays a crucial role and was therefore the focus of the presented investigations. Combined neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the degree of cation order depends on the thermal history of the kesterite. In quenched samples Cu and Zn are disordered, whereas in samples where a controlled cooling was applied, a certain degree of cation order is achieved. To shed more light into the formation process of kesterite, in-situ high temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments on stochiometric mixtures of binary and ternary sulfides were perfomed. Structural phase transitions and formation of new phases, resulting in kesterite formation, can be observed in detail by mapping the diffractograms and Rietveld analysis. The variation of the kesterite lattice parameter with temperature, especially during the kesterite nascency, indicates changes in the cation distribution. Completing the presentation, first promising results of kesterite thin film solar cells will be shown.

Phase composition of mineral trioxide aggregate and its role on properties as biomaterial cement