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has a six-pointed starlike shape like ones of hexagonal crystals. We recently examined the structures of the titanium species in the starting solutions and the starlike aggregates. The starting solutions were transparent aqueous ones of crystalline titanate colloids having a layered lepidocrocite-type structure. The starlike aggregates consisted of acicular anatase crystals elongated along the c-axis. The acicular crystals were assembled by oriented attachment and twinning on the {112} planes, to form an arm of the aggregates. The fact that the angle between (112) and (11-2) is about 60° contributes to the sixfold symmetry of the starlike aggregates. In this study, the influence of the type of the tetraalkylammonium hydroxide on the formation of the starlike aggregates was examined in order to elucidate the formation mechanism of the aggregates. TMAOH, N(C2H5)4OH (TEAOH), N(C3H7)4OH (TPAOH) and N(C4H9)4OH (TBAOH) were used as the alkylammonium hydroxide. The use of TMAOH and TEAOH led to the formation of a large number of starlike aggregates. On the other hand, the use of TPAOH and TBAOH decreased the number of the starlike aggregates. It is known that the intercalation of TPA and TBA ions into the interlayer of the lepidocrocite-type titanate leads to exfoliation of the titanate layers. Thus, it is inferred that the layered structure of the colloids in the starting solutions plays an important role in the formation of the six-pointed starlike anatase aggregates.

A systematic study of the crystal structures of monomethine cyanine dyes