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Calcium phosphates are the inorganic component of human hard tissue, i.e. of bone and teeth. Except for enamel, they occur in a nanocrystalline form in a delicate arrangement with an organic matrix, typically collagen. We have developed a continuous method to prepare bone mineral-like nanocrystalline calcium phosphate by a rapid precipitation. The internal crystallinity can be varied from nanocrystalline to X-ray amorphous and other ions can be included by addition to the crystallization mother liquor. Especially the case of carbonate is important because all biologically occurring calcium phosphates contain a few percent of carbonate in the lattice. Chemically and crystallographically, there is almost no difference between the synthetic bone mineral and natural bone mineral. After processing the nanocrystalline calcium phosphates into stable objects, they can be used as biodegradable bone substitution material in surgery. If the nanocrystals are functionalized with biomolecules and kept in solution as a stable colloid, they can be used as nanoscopic agents to transfer such biomolecules into living cells. In the cases of DNA and siRNA, the production of specific proteins in cells can be selectively turned on and off ("transfection" and "antisense", respectively). Calcium phosphates are especially well suited for that purpose because of their high biocompatibility.

Crystal chemistry of new anhydrous uranyl phosphates and uranyl arsenates