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The control of crystal growth and morphology of crystal is considerable importance in industrial crystallization and biomineralization. The formation of scales which is affected by temperature, stirring and supersaturation, reduce the heat transfer efficiency of the evaporation process leading to increased energy consumption and losses in production time. The removal of these scales is not only costly but also time consuming because of the tenacious nature of the scales. So, by using polymeric additives it is possible to overcome these industrial problems. In this study, the effects of polyethyleneglycol methacrylate-co-vinylsulfonic acid graft copolymers and vinylsulfonic acid homopolymer additives on the crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydarate have been investigated at different temperatures. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals with different morphologies and phase structures were prepared by precipitation reaction of sodium oxalate with calcium chloride in the absence and presence of polymeric additives. The effect of polymers on the rate of precipitation of calcium oxalate has been determined by recording the decrease of solution conductivity as a function of time. Addition of vinylsulfonic acid homopolymer in a CaOx crystallization system promoted the formation of COD (calcium oxalate dihydrate) respectively, graft copolymers and homopolymer modified the crystal size of COM and COD, the extent of which was dependent on the concentrations of polymeric additives. .

In-situtransmission electron microscopy investigation of orientation selected coalescence of nano-particles