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Thermodynamics of type II superconductors in electromagnetic field based onthe Ginzburg - Landau theory is presented. The Abrikosov flux lattice solutionis derived using an expansion in a parameter characterizing the "distance" tothe superconductor - normal phase transition line. The expansion allows asystematic improvement of the solution. The phase diagram of the vortex matterin magnetic field is determined in detail. In the presence of significantthermal fluctuations on the mesoscopic scale (for example in high $T_{c}$materials) the vortex crystal melts into a vortex liquid. A quantitative theoryof thermal fluctuations using the lowest Landau level approximation is given.It allows to determine the melting line and discontinuities at melt, as well asimportant characteristics of the vortex liquid state. In the presence ofquenched disorder (pinning) the vortex matter acquires certain "glassy"properties. The irreversibility line and static properties of the vortex glassstate are studied using the "replica" method. Most of the analytical methodsare introduced and presented in some detail. Various quantitative andqualitative features are compared to experiments in type II superconductors,although the use of a rather universal Ginzburg - Landau theory is notrestricted to superconductivity and can be applied with certain adjustments toother physical systems, for example rotating Bose - Einstein condensate.

The Ginzburg-Landau Theory of Type II superconductors in magnetic field