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Disclinations, first observed in mesomorphic phases, are relevant to a numberof ill-ordered condensed matter media, with continuous symmetries or frustratedorder. They also appear in polycrystals at the edges of grain boundaries. Theyare of limited interest in solid single crystals, where, owing to their largeelastic stresses, they mostly appear in close pairs of opposite signs. Therelaxation mechanisms associated with a disclination in its creation, motion,change of shape, involve an interplay with continuous or quantized dislocationsand/or continuous disclinations. These are attached to the disclinations or areakin to Nye's dislocation densities, well suited here. The notion of 'extendedVolterra process' takes these relaxation processes into account and coversdifferent situations where this interplay takes place. These concepts areillustrated by applications in amorphous solids, mesomorphic phases andfrustrated media in their curved habit space. The powerful topological theoryof line defects only considers defects stable against relaxation processescompatible with the structure considered. It can be seen as a simplified caseof the approach considered here, well suited for media of high plasticityor/and complex structures. Topological stability cannot guarantee energeticstability and sometimes cannot distinguish finer details of structure ofdefects.

Disclinations, dislocations and continuous defects: a reappraisal