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The experimental results relevant for the understanding of the microscopicdynamics in liquid metals are reviewed, with special regards to the onesachieved in the last two decades. Inelastic Neutron Scattering played a majorrole since the development of neutron facilities in the sixties. The last tenyears, however, saw the development of third generation radiation sources,which opened the possibility of performing Inelastic Scattering with X rays,thus disclosing previously unaccessible energy-momentum regions. The purelycoherent response of X rays, moreover, combined with the mixedcoherent/incoherent response typical of neutron scattering, provides enormouspotentialities to disentangle aspects related to the collectivity of motionfrom the single particle dynamics.  If the last twenty years saw major experimental developments, on thetheoretical side fresh ideas came up to the side of the most traditional andestablished theories. Beside the raw experimental results, therefore, we reviewmodels and theoretical approaches for the description of microscopic dynamicsover different length-scales, from the hydrodynamic region down to the singleparticle regime, walking the perilous and sometimes uncharted path of thegeneralized hydrodynamics extension. Approaches peculiar of conductive systems,based on the ionic plasma theory, are also considered, as well as kinetic andmode coupling theory applied to hard sphere systems, which turn out to mimicwith remarkable detail the atomic dynamics of liquid metals. Finally, cuttingedges issues and open problems, such as the ultimate origin of the anomalousacoustic dispersion or the relevance of transport properties of a conductivesystems in ruling the ionic dynamic structure factor are discussed.Comment: 53 pages, 41 figures, to appear in "The Review of Modern Physics".  Tentatively scheduled for July issu

Microscopic dynamics in liquid metals: The experimental point of view