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Hysteresis is a major feature of the solid-liquid transition in granularmaterials. This property, by allowing metastable states, can potentially yieldcatastrophic phenomena such as earthquakes or aerial landslides. The origin ofhysteresis in granular flows is still debated. However, most mechanisms putforward so far rely on the presence of inertia at the particle level. In thispaper, we study the avalanche dynamics of non-Brownian suspensions in slowlyrotating drums and reveal large hysteresis of the avalanche angle even in theabsence of inertia. By using micro-silica particles whose interparticlefriction coefficient can be turned off, we show that microscopic friction,conversely to inertia, is key to triggering hysteresis in granular suspensions.To understand this link between friction and hysteresis, we use the rotatingdrum as a rheometer to extract the suspension rheology close to the flow onsetfor both frictional and frictionless suspensions. This analysis shows that theflow rule for frictionless particles is monotonous and follows a power law ofexponent $\alpha \!= \! 0.37 \pm 0.05$, in close agreement with the previoustheoretical prediction, $\alpha\!=\! 0.35$. By contrast, the flow rule forfrictional particles suggests a velocity-weakening behavior, thereby explainingthe flow instability and the emergence of hysteresis. These findings show thathysteresis can also occur in particulate media without inertia, questioning theintimate nature of this phenomenon. By highlighting the role of microscopicfriction, our results may be of interest in the geophysical context tounderstand the failure mechanism at the origin of undersea landslides.

Interparticle friction leads to non-monotonic flow curves and hysteresis in viscous suspensions