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Laser plasma amplification of sub-picosecond pulses above the Joule level isdemonstrated, a major milestone for this scheme to become a solution for thenext-generation of ultra-high intensity lasers. By exploring over 6 orders ofmagnitude the influence of the incident seed intensity on Brillouin laseramplification, we reveal the importance of a minimum intensity to ensure anearly onset of the self-similar regime, and a large energy transfer with a veryhigh efficiency, up to 20%. Evidence of energy losses of the seed byspontaneous backward Raman is found at high amplification. The firstthree-dimensional envelope simulations of the sub-picosecond amplification wereperformed, supplemented by one-dimensional PIC simulations. Comparisons withthe experimental results demonstrate the capability of quantitative predictionson the transferred energy. The global behavior of the amplification process, isreproduced, including the evolution of the spatial profile of the amplifiedseed.

Joule-level high effiency energy transfer to sub-picosecond laser pulses by a plasma-based amplifier