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We observe collective quantum spin states of an ensemble of atoms in aone-dimensional light-atom interface. Strings of hundreds of cesium atomstrapped in the evanescent fiel of a tapered nanofiber are prepared in acoherent spin state, a superposition of the two clock states. A weak quantumnondemolition measurement of one projection of the collective spin is performedusing a detuned probe dispersively coupled to the collective atomic observable,followed by a strong destructive measurement of the same spin projection. Forthe coherent spin state we achieve the value of the quantum projection noise 40dB above the detection noise, well above the 3 dB required for reconstructionof the negative Wigner function of nonclassical states. We analyze the effectsof strong spatial inhomogeneity inherent to atoms trapped and probed by theevanescent waves. We furthermore study temporal dynamics of quantumfluctuations relevant for measurement-induced spin squeezing and assess theimpact of thermal atomic motion. This work paves the road towards observationof spin squeezed and entangled states and many-body interactions in 1D spinensembles.

Observation of quantum spin noise in a 1D light-atoms quantum interface