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Simulating the real-time evolution of quantum spin systems far out ofequilibrium poses a major theoretical challenge, especially in more than onedimension. We experimentally explore the dynamics of a two-dimensional Isingspin system with transverse and longitudinal fields as we quench it across aquantum phase transition from a paramagnet to an antiferromagnet. We realizethe system with a near unit-occupancy atomic array of over 200 atoms obtainedby loading a spin-polarized band insulator of fermionic lithium into an opticallattice and induce short-range interactions by direct excitation to a low-lyingRydberg state. Using site-resolved microscopy, we probe the correlations in thesystem after a sudden quench from the paramagnetic state and compare ourmeasurements to exact calculations in the regime where it is possible. Weachieve many-body states with longer-range antiferromagnetic correlations byimplementing a near-adiabatic quench and study the buildup of correlations aswe cross the quantum phase transition at different rates.

Probing quench dynamics across a quantum phase transition into a 2D Ising antiferromagnet