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Surface stresses have recently emerged as a key player in the mechanics ofhighly compliant solids. The classic theories of contact mechanics describeadhesion with a compliant substrate as a competition between surface energiesdriving deformation to establish contact and bulk elasticity resisting this.However, it has recently been shown that surface stresses provide an additionalrestoring force that can compete with and even dominate over elasticity inhighly compliant materials, especially when length scales are small compared tothe ratio of the surface stress to the elastic modulus, $\Upsilon/E$. Here, weinvestigate experimentally the contribution of surface stresses to the force ofadhesion. We find that the elastic and capillary contributions to the adhesiveforce are of similar magnitude, and that both are required to account formeasured adhesive forces between rigid silica spheres and compliant, siliconegels. Notably, the strain-dependence of the solid surface stress contributessignificantly to the stiffness of soft solid contacts.

Strain-dependent solid surface stress and the stiffness of soft contacts