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The Seebeck coefficient $S$ of the cuprate YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{y}$ wasmeasured in magnetic fields large enough to suppress superconductivity, at holedopings $p = 0.11$ and $p = 0.12$, for heat currents along the $a$ and $b$directions of the orthorhombic crystal structure. For both directions, $S/T$decreases and becomes negative at low temperature, a signature that the Fermisurface undergoes a reconstruction due to broken translational symmetry. Abovea clear threshold field, a strong new feature appears in $S_{\rm b}$, forconduction along the $b$ axis only. We attribute this feature to the onset of3D-coherent unidirectional charge-density-wave modulations seen by x-raydiffraction, also along the $b$ axis only. Because these modulations have asharp onset temperature well below the temperature where $S/T$ starts to droptowards negative values, we infer that they are not the cause of Fermi-surfacereconstruction. Instead, the reconstruction must be caused by the quasi-2Dbidirectional modulations that develop at significantly higher temperature.

physical review. x

Anisotropy of the Seebeck Coefficient in the Cuprate Superconductor  YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{y}$: Fermi-Surface Reconstruction by Bidirectional  Charge Order