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Reconnections and interactions of filamentary coherent structures play afundamental role in the dynamics of fluids, plasmas and nematic liquidcrystals. In fluids, vortex reconnections redistribute energy and helicityamong the length scales and induce fine-scale turbulent mixing. Unlike ordinaryfluids where vorticity is a continuous field, in quantum fluids vorticity isconcentrated into discrete (quantized) vortex lines turning vortexreconnections into isolated events, making it conceptually easier to study.Here we report experimental and numerical observations of three-dimensionalquantum vortex interactions in a cigar-shaped atomic Bose-Einstein Condensate(BEC). In addition to standard reconnections, already numerically andexperimentally observed in homogeneous systems away from boundaries, we showthat double reconnections, rebounds and ejections can also occur as aconsequence of the non-homogeneous, confined nature of the system.

Vortex reconnections and rebounds in trapped atomic Bose--Einstein condensates