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Magnetism and nematic order are the two non-superconducting orders observedin iron-based superconductors. To elucidate the interplay between them andultimately unveil the pairing mechanism, several models have been investigated.In models with quenched orbital degrees of freedom, magnetic fluctuationspromote stripe magnetism which induces orbital order. In models with quenchedspin degrees of freedom, charge fluctuations promote spontaneous orbital orderwhich induces stripe magnetism. Here we develop an unbiased approach, in whichwe treat magnetic and orbital fluctuations on equal footing. Key to ourapproach is the inclusion of the orbital character of the low-energy electronicstates into renormalization group analysis. Our results show that in systemswith large Fermi energies, such as BaFe2As2, LaFeAsO, and NaFeAs, orbital orderis induced by stripe magnetism. However, in systems with small Fermi energies,such as FeSe, the system develops a spontaneous orbital order, while magneticorder does not develop. Our results provide a unifying description of differentiron-based materials.

Magnetism, superconductivity, and spontaneous orbital order in iron-based superconductors: who comes first and why?