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We report the observation by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of animpurity state located inside the superconducting gap ofBa$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ and vanishing above the superconductingcritical temperature, for which the spectral weight is confined in momentumspace near the Fermi wave vector positions. We demonstrate, supported bytheoretical simulations, that this in-gap state originates from weaknon-magnetic scattering between bands with opposite sign of the superconductinggap phase. This weak scattering, likely due to off-plane Ba/K disorders, occursmostly among neighboring Fermi surfaces, suggesting that the superconductinggap phase changes sign within holelike (and electronlike) bands. Our resultsimpose severe restrictions on the models promoted to explain high-temperaturesuperconductivity in these materials.

Observation of momentum-confined in-gap impurity state in Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$: evidence for anti-phase $s_{\pm}$ pairing