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The quantum Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are fundamental lawsconnecting equilibrium processes with nonequilibrium fluctuations. They arepromising tools to benchmark quantum devices and measure free energydifferences. While they are well established theoretically and alsoexperimental realizations for few-body systems already exist, theirexperimental validity in the quantum many-body regime has not been observed sofar. Here, we present results for nonequilibrium protocols in systems with upto sixteen interacting degrees of freedom obtained on trapped ion andsuperconducting qubit quantum computers, which test the quantum Jarzynskiequality and the Crooks relation in the many-body regime. To achieve this, weovercome present-day limitations in the preparation of thermal ensembles and inthe measurement of work distributions on noisy intermediate-scale quantumdevices. We discuss the accuracy to which the Jarzynski equality holds ondifferent quantum computing platforms subject to platform-specific errors. Theanalysis reveals the validity of Jarzynski's equality in a regime with energydissipation, compensated for by a fast unitary drive. This provides newinsights for analyzing errors in many-body quantum simulators.

Quantum many-body Jarzynski equality and dissipative noise on a digital quantum computer