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Proposals for near-term experiments in quantum chemistry on quantum computersleverage the ability to target a subset of degrees of freedom containing theessential quantum behavior, sometimes called the active space. Thisapproximation allows one to treat more difficult problems using fewer qubitsand lower gate depths than would otherwise be possible. However, while thisapproximation captures many important qualitative features, it may leave theresults wanting in terms of absolute accuracy (basis error) of therepresentation. In traditional approaches, increasing this accuracy requiresincreasing the number of qubits and an appropriate increase in circuit depth aswell. Here we introduce a technique requiring no additional qubits or circuitdepth that is able to remove much of this approximation in favor of additionalmeasurements. The technique is constructed and analyzed theoretically, and somenumerical proof of concept calculations are shown. As an example, we show howto achieve the accuracy of a 20 qubit representation using only 4 qubits and amodest number of additional measurements for a simple hydrogen molecule. Weclose with an outlook on the impact this technique may have on both near-termand fault-tolerant quantum simulations.

Increasing the representation accuracy of quantum simulations of chemistry without extra quantum resources