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We compare simulations to experiments measuring electron yield from heavy ions striking metal surfaces, in particular at grazing incidence, for 1.0 MeV potassium and 182.0 MeV gold ions striking stainless steel as measured in two recent experiments. We find the electron yield is proportional to within 3% for the potassium experiments and 13% for the gold experiments to the simulated energy deposited by the ions in a thin (≈20   Å) layer at the target surface. We discuss how nonequilibrium stopping and ion wake fields may account for the larger disagreement with the gold experiments. An analytic estimate based on specular reflection predicts the peak in simulated and measured electron yield as a function of angle to within a few percent

Simulation of heavy ion induced electron yield at grazing incidence