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From 2005 through 2012, the Fermilab Main Injector provided intense beams of120 GeV protons to produce neutrino beams and antiprotons. Hardwareimprovements in conjunction with improved diagnostics allowed the system toreach sustained operation at ~400 kW beam power. Transmission was very highexcept for beam lost at or near the 8 GeV injection energy where 95% beamtransmission results in about 1.5 kW of beam loss. By minimizing and localizingloss, residual radiation levels fell while beam power was doubled. Lost beamwas directed to either the collimation system or to the beam abort. Criticalapertures were increased while improved instrumentation allowed optimal use ofavailable apertures. We will summarize the improvements required to achievehigh intensity, the impact of various loss control tools and the status andtrends in residual radiation in the Main Injector.

The Fermilab Main Injector: high intensity operation and beam loss control