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The collimation efficiency for Pb ion beams in the LHC is predicted to belower than requirements. Nuclear fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociationin the primary collimators create fragments with a wide range of Z/A ratios,which are not intercepted by the secondary collimators but lost where thedispersion has grown sufficiently large. In this article we presentmeasurements and simulations of loss patterns generated by a prototype LHCcollimator in the CERN SPS. Measurements were performed at two differentenergies and angles of the collimator. We also compare with proton loss mapsand find a qualitative difference between Pb ions and protons, with the maximumloss rate observed at different places in the ring. This behavior was predictedby simulations and provides a valuable benchmark of our understanding of ionbeam losses caused by collimation.

Measurements of heavy ion beam losses from collimation