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The study of thermodynamic fluctuations allows one to relate the free energydifference between two equilibrium states with the work done on a systemthrough processes far from equilibrium. This finding plays a crucial role inthe quantum regime, where the definition of work becomes non-trivial. Based onthese relations, here we develop a simple interferometric method allowing adirect estimation of the work distribution and the average dissipative workduring a driven thermodynamic process by superposing the forward andtime-reversal evolutions of the process. We show that our scheme providesuseful upper bounds on the average dissipative work even without full controlover the thermodynamic process, and we propose methodological variationsdepending on the possible experimental limitations encountered. Finally, weexemplify its applicability by an experimental proposal for implementing ourmethod on a quantum photonics system, on which the thermodynamic process isperformed through polarization rotations induced by liquid crystals acting in adiscrete temporal regime.

Inferring work by quantum superposing forward and time-reversal evolutions