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We analyze energy exchanges between a qubit and a resonant field propagatingin a waveguide. The joint dynamics is analytically solved within a repeatedinteraction model. The work received by the qubit is defined as the unitarycomponent of the field-induced energy change. Using the same definition for thefield, we show that both work flows compensate each other. Focusing on thecharging of a qubit battery by a pulse of light, we evidence that the workprovided by a coherent field is an upper bound for the qubit ergotropy, whilethis bound can be violated by non-classical fields, e.g. a coherentsuperposition of zero- and single-photon states. Our results provideoperational, energy-based witnesses to probe the non-classical nature of alight field.

Probing non-classical light fields with energetic witnesses in Waveguide Quantum Electro-Dynamics