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The human cortex is never at rest but in a state of sparse and noisy neuralactivity that can be detected at broadly diverse resolution scales. It has beenconjectured that such a state is best described as a critical dynamical process-- whose nature is still not fully understood -- where scale-free avalanches ofactivity emerge at the edge of a phase transition. In particular, some workssuggest that this is most likely a synchronization transition, separatingsynchronous from asynchronous phases. Here, by investigating a simplified modelof coupled excitable oscillators describing the cortex dynamics at a mesoscopiclevel, we investigate the possible nature of such a synchronization phasetransition. Within our modeling approach, we conclude that -- in order toreproduce all key empirical observations, such as scale-free avalanches andbistability, on which fundamental functional advantages rely -- the transitionto collective oscillatory behavior needs to be of an unconventional hybridtype, with mixed features of type-I and type-II excitability, opening thepossibility for a particularly rich dynamical repertoire.

Hybrid-type synchronization transitions: where marginal coherence, scale-free avalanches, and bistability live together