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What is the fate of the ground state of a two-dimensional electron system(2DES) at very low Landau level filling factors ($\nu$) where interactionreigns supreme? An ordered array of electrons, the so-called Wigner crystal,has long been believed to be the answer. It was in fact the search for theelusive Wigner crystal that led to the discovery of an unexpected,incompressible liquid state, namely the fractional quantum Hall state at$\nu=1/3$. Understanding the competition between the liquid and solid groundstates has since remained an active field of fundamental research. Here wereport experimental data for a new two-dimensional system where the electronsare confined to an AlAs quantum well. The exceptionally high quality of thesamples and the large electron effective mass allow us to determine theliquid-solid phase diagram for the two-dimensional electrons in a large rangeof filling factors near $\simeq 1/3$ and $\simeq 1/5$. The data and theircomparison with an available theoretical phase diagram reveal the crucial roleof Landau level mixing and finite electron layer thickness in determining theprevailing ground states.

Competition between fractional quantum Hall liquid and Wigner solid at small fillings: Role of layer thickness and Landau level mixing