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Violent expiratory events, such as coughing and sneezing, are highlynontrivial examples of a two-phase mixture of liquid droplets dispersed into anunsteady turbulent airflow. Understanding the physical mechanisms determiningthe dispersion and evaporation process of respiratory droplets has recentlybecome a priority given the global emergency caused by the SARS-CoV-2infection. By means of high-resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) ofthe expiratory airflow and a comprehensive Lagrangian model for the dropletdynamics, we identify the key role of turbulence on the fate of exhaleddroplets. Due to the considerable spread in the initial droplet size, we showthat the droplet evaporation time is controlled by the combined effect ofturbulence and droplet inertia. This mechanism is clearly highlighted whencomparing the DNS results with those obtained using coarse-grained descriptionsthat are employed in the majority of the current state-of-the-artinvestigations, resulting in errors up to $100\%$ when the turbulentfluctuations are filtered or completely averaged out.

Turbulence dictates the fate of virus-containing droplets in violent expiratory events